Turabian Research Paper Format

For examples of these two different styles in action, see our CMOS sample papers: Author-Date Sample Paper NB Sample Paper In a society of control, a politics of conduct is designed into the fabric of existence itself, into the organization of space, time, visibility, circuits of communication.And these enwrap each individual life decision and action—about labour [sic], purchases, debts, credits, lifestyle, sexual contracts and the like—in a web of incitements, rewards, current sanctions and foreboding of future sanctions which serve to enjoin citizens to maintain particular types of control over their conduct.

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In this system, sources are briefly cited in the text, usually in parentheses, by author’s last name and year of publication.

Each citation in the text matches up with an entry in a reference list, where full bibliographic information is provided.

This means that most citations will now begin with the title of the resource, rather than the contributors' names.

Turabian Style was developed especially for students by Kate Turabian, the dissertation secretary at the University of Chicago, and based on the Chicago style of writing.

Source citations in the Turabian manual come in two varieties: (1) notes and bibliography (or simply notes) and (2) author-date.

These two systems are also sometimes referred to as Chicago-style citations, because they are the same as the ones presented in .

If you’re not sure which style you should use, ask your instructor. For a more detailed description of the styles and many more examples, see chapters 16 and 17 of the 9th edition of the Turabian manual for notes style and chapters 18 and 19 for author-date style.

(See section A.2.1.2 in the appendix called “Paper Format and Submission.”) Class papers should begin with a title page (but some put the title on the first page of the text; consult your instructor).

Unlike many citation styles, CMOS gives writers two different methods for documenting sources: the Author-Date System and the Notes-Bibliography (NB) System.

As its name suggests, Author-Date uses parenthetical citations in the text to reference the source's author's last name and the year of publication.